Decimal to binary number translating device



A ril 9, 1963 B. B. JORDAN 3,034,860

; DECIMAL TO BINARY NUMBER TRANSLATING DEVICE Filed Aug. 4, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 CdZO/W/V /I8 64 32 /6 8 4 2 HEEJE EJE EJE'JE EJEJEQEEEJWEE 5 fl g l IvvE'A/TEIII? 5.5. LJUqUm/v T 6 F ilnrted bia es w asstsss Patented Apri93 responds to the decimal number 4 and key 40 corresponds I 3 5 9 y TN to the decimal number 40. To enter the number 267 Aj keys 200, d ll and 7 are depressed in any order. The E i I 4 keyboard contact notation is the decimal equivalent to Ben E. Jordan, Watchdog, Na, assigncr to Western nlectheir binar nunbnrs For 6mm 16 the dpcimal e tric Q'Jompany, Incorporated, New York, Niifl, a cory V P r q Permian 05 New Yuk alent to the binary numbers (and the corresponding con- Fiied Aug. 4, 1059, Ser. No. $32,331 tacts) are l, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128. Depression of 2 Qi'aims. (Cl. 235--155) key 1 operates contact 11 in column 1 (binary base .two

to the zero power or the binary number 00000001). De- This invention relates'to electrical translation devices prcssion of key 2 operates contact 12 in column 2 (the and more particularly to a device for translating decimal binary number is 00000010. Depression of key 3 opernumbers into binary numbers. ates contacts 13 and 14 in binary columns 2 and 1 re- Electronic computers and associated devices generally spectively '(the binary number is 00000011). operate with the binary system of numbers rather than Depression of key 7 operates contacts 15, 16 and the decimal system. Decimal notation is convenient for 17 in binary columns 4, 2 and 1 (the binary numcalculating machines containing dials or other devices ber is 00000111). Examination of the binary number which may take one through ten positions. In the 000001 11 shows that there are, counting from the left, decimal system the number 1,011 equals one 1000, no zeros in the first five places, the number one represent- 100s one 10 and one 1 all added together. The posiing 4 in the sixth place, the number one representing 2 tion f th digi give information as to the Powers of 20 in the seventh place, and the number one representing the root 10. In computers two position devices having 1 in the eighth place. Addition of these numbers 4, 2 (W0 slates, g) State and and 1 gives the original number of 7. For the tens ducting) state such as relays, diodes and flip-flop circuits digit, key 60 operates contacts 13, 19, 21. and 22 which of various types, are used in place of ten position dials. are respectively in the 32, is, F and 4- olumns (the T binary number y m i p ularly dapta l r binary number is 00111100). By following this scheme such two position devices. In binary notation the base any number up to 300' may be manually operated onto i two The g Which are Zero and g v i the keyboard shown in FIGURE 1 giving pulses in formation as to the power or" the base two. For exbinary for from the contacts, ample, 2 to the Zero Power is 2 to the first power is FIG. 2 shows the basic binary half-adder, including a 2 to The sscoiid Power is 2 iils iiiifd Power is power source 50 and electrical input points 23, and 24. Ths figure 1,011 in binary noifi'iiofl iS Without an electrical potential applied to either point and ihel'sioi'e equals 23 or point 2 1 there is no electrical output at sum out In order to convert a number from decimal notation put point 25 d Carry Output i 26 wi h an 1 into the corresponding binary notation it has been necesi l input at oint 23, relay 27 operates placing an l i0 have CompieX and y Computing "ii'svicss ilii- 3 electrical output onto suln output 25. Likewise an eleclizing (ilfiCtlOl'l llllbfiS (111d Othfil ClBOill'Ol'llC UBVl CCS 110i ,trigal input at point 24. opgrates relay and places an having the Isiia'biiiil Possssseii y Contact devises output onto 25. Operation of relay 27, without opera- Aii oblsct of Present inveiiiicn is a simpis and tion of relay 2%, does not put an electrical output to reliable device for converting numbers in decimal nota- Barry utput as as normally open v t 39 remains iiOIl iIi'EO binary noiaiioii- 40 open. With simultaneous inputs at both points 23 and A further object is such a device in which-the operating 24. h relays 27 d 23 Opel-ate, n Open Parts are eieciro'mech'iiiicai y lay contacts 32', 33, 2? and 31 close and relay normally A y further oblesi is apparatus oli'sffiifli siiiei' closed relay contacts 51 and 52 open, resulting in no ing of decimal notation and its conversion into a punched Output at sum Output point 25 d an Output at carry p iii the'icoffespoiiding binary noiaiionoutput point as. Binary addition is possible by this In accordance with the present invention a standard Simple haipadder i For example if pgints 23 and decimal y a for eXampis one having Positions 1 24 are connected to different contacts in'coluinn 2 of the through 10 iilmilgh 90, and 190 through 1900, is iiiikeyboard of FIGURE 1 a pulse from that column (replized to convert numbers in decimal notation into binary rewriting the decimal number 2 would Opel-ate at either HOiaiiOIlp depressing i1 key of the decimal 59 point 23 or point 24 giving a sum at point 25 of one board preselected contacts are ClOSd \Vlllch COIlVeI't llhfi pulse two such pulses arrive ng at point and CD6 decimal number into its corresponding binary number. at paint 24 Carry Output 7,6 ill spa-ale, Operating the B3911 y Correspoilds a digit of the decimal notation next higher input for the decimal number 4. The re so that each decimal digit is separately converted to its lays '7 and ,3 Opgrate upon depressign f this addition binary equivalent. At the conclusion of the entry of a switch On the keyboard complete decimal number the operator depress es a switch HQ 3 shows the various inputs from ths keyboard of adding all of the binary numbers to give a binary num- HG L The inputs 2 Kg, g, her equivalent to the complete decimal number.

Further objects will be apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings in which: 60

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the decimal keyboard showing contacts operated by the keys;

FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of one portion of the binary half-adder; and

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the binary herb-adder.

In FIG. 1, .the decimal keyboard has positions for a decimal number up to 300. It will be understood, howa a ever, that with additional keys (not shown) higher Fi 3 i adder g i decimal numbers may be accommodated by the circuit Outpu" O a er he Carry 0 described below adder 37. The carry output of half-adder 36 connects to Each key of the keyboard is numbered with its corall input 05 half-adder haif-adder Column responding decimal notation. For example, key 4 cor- The carry output of half-adder 38 connects to the input are numbered in accordance with the corresponding decimal numbered terminals in FIG. 1 and each block (such as blocks 34, 35, 3d, 37, 38 etc.) consists of the binary half-adder illustrated in FIG. 2. The two inputs of binary half-adder 35' are binary half-adder 34 (its sum output 3?) and terminal 4. The sum output of half-adder 35 leads to an input of half-adder 36. The other input of halfadder 3a is from the sum output of half-adder 37. The two inputs into half-adder 37' are terminal 4 and termiaosaeeo of half-adder 42 (the half-adder for column 16) as carry output 43 (of half-adder 38) only operates if both carry output 44 (of half-adder 37) and carry output (of half-adder 35) both operate.

Sum outputs 1 to 9, inclusive, are seen to be operatively connected to solenoids '72 through 78, inclusive, in the manner shown with each of such outputs shown functioning, when energized, to energize the solenoid connected thereto. Tape punches 631 through 68, inclusive, are reciprocatably mounted within the solenoids with each such punch functioning, upon the energization of; the solenoid associated therewith by the corresponding sum output, to punch a hole in the portion of tape 89 located directly therebelow. Thus, it may be seen that depression of one or more keys of the standard decimal keyboard to indicate a decimal number will result, upon depression of the addition switch and resultant energization of the appropriate halt-adder circuits of FIG. 3, in the automatic punching of holes at predetermined positions on the 8- position tape 89. The positions of such holes in the tape will, of course, be representative of the binary equivalent of such decimal number.

In operation, if the number 146 is desired to be converted into binary notation, the operator depresses keys 100, 40 and 6. Key 1% operates a contact connected to the 64" terminal, a contact connected to the 32 terminal, and a contact connected to the 4' terminal. Key 4513! operates a contact connected to terminal 32' and a contact connected to terminal 8. Key 6 operates a contact connected to terminal 4 and a contact connected to terminal 2. It will be noted that there are only two occasions in which contacts have been operated in the same column, namely two contacts in column 32 (from key ltltl and key 411) and two contacts in column 4 (from key ltltl and key 6). The binary number given by key llfitl is 110010 0, the binary number given by key 49 is 00101000, and the binary number given by the key 6 is 00000110. Binary addition adds the two 1s in column 32 and transposes it into a number one in column 64, and likewise adds the two 1s in column 4 and transposes into a number one in column 8. This positions two 1s in both the 8 and 64 columns which are added. A one is transposed to column 16 and a one is transposed to column 128. The final binary number as obtained by the binary addition circuit is 10010010 (equivalent to 128+16+2 or 146).

Holes are punched by the apparatus of the invention in appropriate positions on the tape indicative of this binary number as follows. results in energization of solenoid 7'7 and actuation of punch 87 associated therewith to punch a hole in the second position on the tape. Concurrent energization of sum outputs and 8 results in energization of solenoids '74 and 71, respectively, and actuation of punches and 37 associated therewith to punch holes in the fifth and eighth positions on the tape. Thus, the resultant tape configura tion will consist of holes punched in the eighth, fifth and Energization of sum output 2 I 4 second tape positions, which tape configuration will indicate to suitable tape reading apparatus the binary number 10010010 and its decimal counterpart 146.

Modifications may be made in this invention without departing from the scope thereof, for example diodes may be used in the place of the relays of the binary half-adder.

What is claimed is:

l. In an apparatus for converting decimal numbers to binary numbers and wherein are included a plurality of keys displaying decimal notations and contacts representing the binary numbers corresponding to the decimal numbers of the key and connected thereto, a half-adder circuit comprising a source of electrical current, first and second inputs and first and second outputs, first and second relays operated respectively by the first and second inputs and each including first, second, and third contacts and first and second armature means, the first armature means normally closing the second contacts and the second armature means normally opening the third contacts, and wherein the third contacts are connectable to the second output and the first and second contacts are connectable to the first output so that the second contact of the second relay is connected to the first contact of the first relay and the first contact of the second relay is connected to the second contact of the first relay, whereby a signal to either one of the inputs places a signal upon the first output and a signal to both inputs places a signal upon the second output.

2. Apparatus for converting, decimal numbers entered manually, into an eight-column punched tape in binary notations comprising twenty keys representing the decimal numbers 1 through 9, and the decimal numbers 10, 20, 3t), 40*, 50, 60, 70, 90, and 100, a plurality of contacts occupying some of the positions in a mosaic of eight columns and twenty rows, each row associated with a difierent key and each column representing a binary digit, and the contacts corresponding in their position to the binary number equivalent to the number of each key, a plurality of binary half-adder circuits, each comprising a plurality of electromagnetic relays connected so that sums are carried from the half-adder for a lower number to the half-adder for a higher number, and eight solenoid-operated punches controlled by the adders.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNlTED STATES PATENTS 2,318,591 Coufiignal May 11, 1943 2,364,540 Luhn Dec. 5, 1944 2,394,925 Luhn Feb. 12, 1946 2,528,394 :Sharpless et al. Oct. 31, 1950 2,647,689 Bowyer Aug. 4, 1953 2,657,856 Edwards Nov. 3, 1953 2,741,427 Drake Apr. 10, 1956 2,756,823 Laville et al July 31, 1956 2,932,816 Stie'fel et a1. Apr. 12, 1960 2,997,703 Powell Aug. 22, 1961 

1. IN AN APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY NUMBERS AND WHEREIN ARE INCLUDED A PLURALITY OF KEYS DISPLAYING DECIMAL NOTATIONS AND CONTACTS REPRESENTING THE BINARY NUMBERS CORRESPONDING TO THE DECIMAL NUMBERS OF THE KEYS AND CONNECTED THERETO, A HALF-ADDER CIRCUIT COMPRISING A SOURCE OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT, FIRST AND SECOND INPUTS AND FIRST AND SECOND OUTPUTS, FIRST AND SECOND RELAYS OPERATED RESPECTIVELY BY THE FIRST AND SECOND INPUTS AND EACH INCLUDING FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD CONTACTS AND FIRST AND SECOND ARMATURE MEANS, THE FIRST ARMATURE MEANS NORMALLY CLOSING THE SECOND CONTACTS AND THE SECOND ARMATURE MEANS NORMALLY OPENING THE THIRD CONTACTS, AND WHEREIN THE THIRD CONTACTS ARE CONNECTABLE TO THE SECOND OUTPUT AND THE FIRST AND SECOND CONTACTS ARE CONNECTABLE TO THE FIRST OUTPUT SO THAT THE SECOND CONTACT OF THE SECOND RELAY IS CONNECTED TO THE FIRST CONTACT OF THE FIRST RELAY AND THE FIRST CONTACT OF THE SECOND RELAY IS CONNECTED TO THE SECOND CONTACT OF THE FIRST RELAY, WHEREBY A SIGNAL TO EITHER ONE OF THE INPUTS PLACES A SIGNAL UPON THE FIRST OUTPUT AND A SIGNAL TO BOTH INPUTS PLACES A SIGNAL UPON THE SECOND OUTPUT. 